Succubus Shadows Chapter 18

It started before I could stop it. I stood in a kitchen, in one of those dreams where I was both watching me and feeling me. The kitchen was bright and modern, far larger than anything I could imagine a non-cook like me needing. My dream-self stood at the sink, arms elbow deep in sudsy water that smelled like oranges. I was hand-washing dishes and kind of doing a half-ass job at it but was too happy to notice. On the floor, an actual dishwasher lay in pieces, thus explaining the need for manual labor. From another room, the sounds of â€Å"Sweet Home Alabama† carried to my ears. I hummed along as I washed. I was content, filled with a joy so utterly perfect, I could barely grasp it after everything else that had happened in my life – particularly after this imprisonment with the Oneroi. After humming a few more bars, I set a wet cup on the counter and turned around to peek into the living room beyond me. A little girl sat in there, about two years old. She was on a blanket, surrounded by stuffed animals and other toys. She clutched a plush giraffe in her hands. It rattled when she shook it. As though sensing my gaze, she looked up. She had plump cheeks that hadn't quite lost their baby fat. Wispy, light brown curls covered her head, and her hazel eyes were large and framed with dark lashes. She was adorable. Behind her on the couch, Aubrey lay curled up in a tight little ball. Godiva lay beside her. A delighted smile spread over the little girl's face, creating a dimple in one cheek. A powerful wave of love and joy spread through me, emotions that my raw and aching real self barely allowed to come through. Just like the first time I'd dreamed this dream, I knew with certainty – absolute certainty – that this girl was my daughter. After a few more moments, I returned to my dishes, though I wanted nothing more than to go back to the living room. Damned manual labor. Neither my dream self nor my waking self could get enough of the girl. I wanted to drink her in. I could have watched her forever, taking in those long-lashed eyes and wispy curls. Unable to resist – and bored with washing dishes – I finally gave in and glanced back again. The girl was gone. I pulled my hands out of the water, just in time to hear a thump and a crash. The sound of crying followed. I sprinted out of the kitchen. Aubrey and Godiva jerked their heads up, surprised at my sudden movement. On the other side of the living room, my daughter sat on the floor beside an end table with sharp corners, a small hand pressed to her forehead. Tears streamed down her checks as she wailed. In a flash, I was on my knees, wrapping her up in a tight embrace. Watching and feeling this dream, I wanted to weep as well over the feel of that soft, warm body in my arms. I rocked the girl, murmuring soothing, nonsensical words as I brushed my lips against the silken hair. Eventually, her sobs stopped, and she rested her head against my chest, content to simply be loved and rocked. We sat like that for another happy minute or so, and then, distantly, I heard the sound of a car's engine. I lifted my head. â€Å"You hear that?† I asked. â€Å"Daddy's home.† Mirrored excitement showed on the girl's face as I stood up, still holding her and balancing her on my hip. It was an act of some coordination, considering how small I was. We walked to the front door and stepped outside onto a porch. It was nighttime, all quiet darkness save for a small light hanging overhead. It shone onto a long stretch of unbroken white snow on the lawn and the driveway. All around, more snow fell in a steady stream. I didn't recognize the place, but it certainly wasn't Seattle. That much snow would have sent the city into a panic, putting everyone on Armageddon alert. My daughter and I were perfectly at ease, barely noticing the snow. Wherever we were, this weather was a common occurrence. Down the driveway, the car I had heard had already parked. My heart swelled with happiness. A man stood behind it, a nondescript dark figure in the faint lighting. He took out a rolling suitcase and slammed the trunk shut. The little girl clasped her hands in excitement, and I waved my own hand in greeting. The man returned the wave as he walked toward the house. It was too dark, and I couldn't see him yet. His face. I had to see his face. We were so close. This was where the dream had stopped before, denying me its conclusion. Some part of me was certain this was a trick too – that the Oneroi were going to do what Nyx had done and end the dream. They didn't. The man continued walking toward us, and at last, the porch light illuminated his features. It was Seth. Lacy snowflakes rested in his messy hair, and I could make out some wacky T-shirt underneath his heavy woolen trench coat. He left the suitcase by the stairs and sprinted up them to get to us that much more quickly. His arms encircled us, and both my daughter and I snuggled against him. It might have been freezing elsewhere, but our little circle held all the warmth in the world. â€Å"My girls,† he murmured. He took one of his gloves off and ran his hand over the fine silk of our daughter's hair. He brushed a kiss against her forehead and then leaned toward me. Our lips met in a soft kiss, and when we pulled away, I could see mist in the air from the warmth of his mouth. He hugged us tighter. I sighed happily. â€Å"Don't leave anymore,† I said. â€Å"Don't do any more traveling.† He laughed quietly and gave me another kiss, this time on my cheek. â€Å"I'll see what I can do. If it was up to me, I'd never leave.† But the dream left, shattering like pieces of glass that were then swept away by a broom. Whereas before I'd counted the seconds for these dreams to go away, this time I wanted to cling to it. The hands I didn't have in this insubstantial form longed to grasp those shards, bloodying my flesh, if only to have a few more moments of that perfect, content bliss my dream-self had held. But it was gone. I was empty. For a long time, I simply couldn't get over the dream's loss. I was a tangle of emotions: hurt and anger and longing and incompleteness. It was all feeling, no thought. When coherency began to return, even it was a jumble. Seth. Seth was the man in the dream? Of course he was. Hadn't I felt it from almost the first time we met? Hadn't I often said he was like a piece of my soul? Hadn't I felt like something was missing when we'd split up? Then, all the doubt that the Oneroi had been so good at instilling in me began to descend. It couldn't be Seth. I couldn't be with a mortal, not in any real capacity. I certainly couldn't have a child with one, and anyway, Seth was marrying someone else. This was a trick. Another lie. Everything here was a lie, meant to continue the torment the Oneroi thought I deserved. â€Å"That can't happen,† I said. The words were hard. And hadn't I already said them earlier? Circles, circles. My life was repeating itself over and over. â€Å"None of that could ever happen.† â€Å"No,† agreed Two. â€Å"Not anymore. Your future shifted.† â€Å"That was never my future. You lie. Nyx lied. There's no truth anywhere.† â€Å"This is truth,† said One. Another dream. A true dream? No, no. The part of me that was starting to lose it swore up and down that it couldn't be true. There's no truth anywhere. I was in the mundane human world again, with Seth and Simone-as-Georgina. They were at a tuxedo shop, browsing suits, and I futilely racked my brain to figure this out. Maddie had requested they go shopping†¦yet, surely it hadn't happened that day. Or had it? Was this another day? How much time had passed? I couldn't tell if these dreams lasted a second or a lifetime. The sky outside was deepening to twilight, so maybe it was the same day. â€Å"You don't have to wear a bow tie,† said Simone, studying a well-dressed mannequin. She herself was dressed magnificently, in a tight dress that was an orange reminiscent of autumn leaves. It was short, of course, and emphasized my breasts as much as was decently possible – maybe more so. Bronze high heels completed the look. It was too fancy for tux shopping, but it looked great on her. Me. Us. Whatever. Seth wandered over to stand beside her, studying the suit. If there hadn't been a salesman straightening a display near the door, I had a feeling Seth would have made a run for it. â€Å"It's more traditional,† said Seth. â€Å"I think that's what Maddie wants.† Simone scoffed. â€Å"So? What about what you want?† She took a step toward him. â€Å"You can't just sit by and let others tell you what to do! You have your own needs. Your own wants. You can't be passive here.† There was passion in her words, a conviction that even I couldn't help but admire. It was the kind of speech that rallied people to your cause – but like everything else she'd said lately, there was this sexual subtext laced within it. He stared at her for a few seconds, as impressed as I was, but finally looked away. He also took a step back. â€Å"Maybe. But I don't really feel like my life currently hinges on whether I choose a bow tie or a regular tie. I think I should save my heroic moments for something a little bigger.† He wandered off to look at another suit and didn't see the scowl on her face that I did. Soon, she had that sweet smile on again and was back by his side – very close to his side – while they examined cuts, colors, and all the myriad details that went into planning a lifelong commitment. The salesman couldn't stay away, of course, and finally swooped in to offer his assistance. â€Å"This jacket would be very flattering with your build,† he told Seth. â€Å"It comes in black and gray, as well as a few others – so it would definitely complement your dress.† That last part was directed to Simone. She laughed merrily. It was nails on a chalkboard to me. â€Å"Oh, we're not getting married.† She patted Seth's arm. â€Å"We're just good friends. I'm helping out.† Seth moved away, escaping the arm, and suddenly seemed very interested in trying on the jacket. The salesman found Seth's size, gushed with compliments, and then left the two of them to mull it over. â€Å"It looks great,† said Simone, coming to stand right in front of him. I couldn't see any space between them. She casually straightened the jacket's lapel, not that it needed it. â€Å"Fits you like a glove.† Seth grabbed hold of her hands, pushed them away, and then backed off himself. â€Å"You need to stop this,† he said, lowering his voice so others wouldn't hear. â€Å"Stop what?† asked Simone. â€Å"You know what! The innuendoes. The touching. All of it. You can't keep doing it.† Simone took a step closer, putting her hands on her hips. Her voice was soft as well, but it was more of a purr. What made it especially irritating was that, really, it was my voice. â€Å"Why? Because you don't like it? Come on, Seth. How much longer are you going to keep fooling yourself? You know you still want me. This scam of a wedding isn't going to change that. What we had†¦what we have is too powerful. I see the way you look at me – and you don't look at her that way. You say I've got to stop? No. You're the one that needs to stop this wedding. End it with her. Or if you don't have the guts, then let us be together again. At the very least – just one more night. I want to feel you again, feel you in me. And I know you do too.† I was aghast at the boldness. I couldn't believe what that bitch had tried to do. Impersonating me was bad enough, but now blatantly trying to lure Seth into her bed? Unforgiveable. I expected Seth to be outraged as well, but his face was the picture of calm. He took off the jacket and set it on a counter. â€Å"I don't know who you are, but stay away from me. Do not speak to me again – or Maddie.† There was a stern, warning tone in his words, that anger I rarely ever heard from him. For once, Simone faltered. â€Å"What are you talking about?† â€Å"You aren't Georgina,† he said. â€Å"I should've listened when my niece first told me. Georgina would never do this, no matter how she felt. Georgina wouldn't openly try to break up her friend's wedding. She wouldn't betray Maddie.† Simone's eyes flashed with anger. â€Å"Really? Then how exactly would you classify your little spring fling?† I wasn't surprised she knew about that. Everyone in my hellish circle had figured it out when Seth's soul darkened. His smile was both sad and cold. â€Å"Georgina did that†¦inadvertently. She was aware of what she was doing, but the motivations†¦well, they were different.† â€Å"Stop trying to justify infidelity. And stop talking about me in the third person!† â€Å"You aren't her,† said Seth again. â€Å"I know her. I would know her in almost any form. And although you look like her, you – obviously – do not know her.† He turned around to leave – and ran into Jerome. Seth hadn't seen Jerome enter or teleport into the shop. Neither had I. Yet, even if the demon had strolled in openly, I think Seth would have had the same astonished and deeply disturbed reaction. The cool attitude he'd shown with Simone vanished. â€Å"Sorry,† said Seth, stepping back. He glanced uneasily at Simone, who was just as surprised. â€Å"I'll – I'll leave you two alone.† â€Å"I'm not here for her,† growled Jerome. â€Å"What?† she exclaimed, seeming deeply offended. Jerome's dark eyes bored into Seth's. â€Å"I'm here for you. You need to come with me. Now.† When a demon tells you to do something, it's pretty hard to refuse it. My friends and I might joke about the silliness of Jerome's John Cusack guise, but underneath all that, Jerome was fucking scary. And when he turned his demonic wrath on a human, it was outright terrifying. Yet, with a remarkable show of bravery, Seth asked: â€Å"Why?† Jerome looked displeased that Seth hadn't instantly jumped to obey. â€Å"To get Georgie back.† â€Å"Back?† repeated Simone. â€Å"But if she comes back – â€Å" Jerome lifted his eyes from Seth and glared at her. â€Å"Yes, yes, I know. But you might as well give it up. You failed.† â€Å"But I can – â€Å" â€Å"Clearly, you can't.† Jerome strode over to her, leaning close to her face. He pitched his voice low, but I could hear it from my observer's view. â€Å"This is not the way. I know why you're here now, but tell Niphon that every time he tries to fix things, he ends up fucking up more. It's too late. I'll deal with this. It doesn't involve you.† â€Å"But – â€Å" â€Å"Enough.† The word boomed through the store. The salesman looked up, startled, but kept his distance. â€Å"I didn't question your presence before, but now you can go.† Ostensibly, it sounded as though he were giving her permission to leave. But both she and I could hear the underlying meaning: if she didn't go on her own, he would â€Å"assist† her. She made no more protests. Jerome returned to Seth. â€Å"Georgina's been taken. We're going to get her back. And you are going to play a role in that.† Seth couldn't speak for a moment, and when he did, it was to utter the most obvious response: â€Å"How?† â€Å"To start with, you can stop wasting time here with stupid questions. Come with me, and you'll find out.† Jerome then made a masterful play. â€Å"Every moment you delay, she's in more danger.† Nothing else could have spurred Seth into such action. He flinched at the words, and his face ran through a kaleidoscope of emotions. â€Å"Okay,† he said to Jerome. â€Å"Let's go.†

Neonatal Nursing

Nursery/Neonatal Nurse Chamberlain College of Nursing Nursery Nursing A Nursery Nurse is a nurse who provides medical care for newborns and infants. Although they usually work in hospital nurseries, some work in outpatient care centers or private residences, providing in-home care for sick infants. Nursery nurses can also be categorized as neonatal (newborn) or pediatric nurses, depending on the age group they serve.Nursery Nurses may have a different title but perform many of the same duties as RNs and LPNs, including: administering treatments, medications, tests, and procedures, assisting physicians, creating or updating patient care plans, maintaining patient records and other duties but this all depends on the nursery level in which they work. I would like to be a nursery/neonatal nurse because I love working with newborns, I want to be challenged in my career, and I want to have a rewarding/successful profession. I would love to become a Nursery/neonatal nurse.I love newborns, t hey are little bundles of joy and I can be trusted to care for them. It’s not an easy job as some people would think. Not all babies come out â€Å"healthy† some are born with defects and need special care and that’s where we come in. Before this class I just knew I wanted to be a nurse but I was lost with finding which nursing role was for me. I went through six different nurse titles and I believe this one suits me the best. Now that I know what kind of nurse I want to be I can make sure I’m taking all the right classes and working harder to become a nursery nurse.Becoming a Nursery Nurse takes training, experience and education. You would need working knowledge of health and safety, good communication skills, ability to work with a team, NNEB, CACHE level 3, NVQ level 2/3 or equivalent, previous experience working within a similar environment and a little bit more. You have to ask yourself am I physical, emotional and spiritual prepared to care for chi ldren, can I distract them during unpleasant procedures. I have asked myself these questions and I am ready to care for others children.As I have said before this role is not easy and it will challenge me to become a great Nursery Nurse to take great care of newborns. More advanced roles will usually require additional training and/or experience. There is an organization called NHS employing organizations that may provide support to nursery assistants and nursery nurses, working towards relevant qualifications. Becoming a Nursery Nurse is rewarding because considering that newborns don’t talk, their non-verbal signs need to be decoded by nursing professionals. To me this is an important skill because if we don’t know what the babies need we can’t take care of them.They can identify and interpret signs babies display, because of alterations in their health, and proper care can be delivered and shared with family members. Understanding of the child's pain or other behaviors can be transmitted to the family members. I can imagine how these nurses feel knowing that they’re making the babies healthy and happy. Nursery nursing care is an interactional process of three channels: it involves interactions between the professional/newborn and professional/newborn and family (Pinheiro EM, Siiva MJP, Angelo A, Ribeiro CA). Although the work is non-stop according to payscale. om (2010) â€Å"the average salary with an advanced degree is $80,000†. It couldn’t get any better when you love going to work every day and getting paid a good amount of money while doing it. Nursing is a great career to invest in if you love helping people. I love helping people but I would prefer to work with babies because they are helpless and need people like me who are dedicated to only them. I will stay in school and get the best education I can to advance in my career. I feel this profession will fulfill my dreams and I will have a rewarding career.Re ferences Caleeda (2007). Nursery nurse. From http://www. caleeda. co. uk/page24/page32/page32. html Crown copyright. NURSERY NURSE AND NURSERY ASISTANT. (2006) http://www. nhscareers. nhs. uk/explore-by-career/wider-healthcare-team/careers-in-the-wider-healthcare-team/corporate-services/nursery-nursenursery-assistant/ Pinheiro, E. , Silva, M. , Angelo, M. , ; Ribeiro, C. (2008). The meaning of interaction between nursing professionals and newborns/families in a hospital setting. Revista Latino-Americana De Enfermagem (RLAE), 16(6), 1012-1018. .

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What role does sexuality play in Dracula - Essay Example In the 19th century the position of women in the society left much to be desired. Women as well as sexual minorities suffered terrible discrimination as there was much prejudice around their reputation. If we try to imagine a woman of that time, our imagination will draw a rather shy, repressed creature whose head is full of rules she should follow in order to stay innocent. However, Stoker’s â€Å"Dracula† demonstrates that, despite all the prejudices, women still were curious about sex and the satisfaction of their secret desires. For example, Lucy is shown as an attractive young woman, who has a choice, because three men want to marry her. Lucy can’t choose between them as she is surprised: â€Å"Why can’t they let a girl marry three men, or as many as want her?† (Stoker 80). This phrase testifies about the difference between men and women: men had an opportunity to state their desires, but women should have kept silent about them. Lucy wanted to express her desire, but this was her fatal mistake. The character of Lucy showed that women have always had sexual desires, but in Victorian times these desires were strictly restrained and any attempts to express them were suppressed. In order to avoid humiliation and express her desire, Lucy had to transform into a vampire. This extremity testifies that it was absolutely impossible for women to show their feelings and the character of vampire transformed into the means of expressing secret emotions. The character of Mina is quite opposite to the character of Lucy, she is an innocent woman with strict principles, moreover she is a devoted wife: â€Å"I have been working very hard lately, because I want to keep up with Jonathan’s studies†¦I shall be able to be useful to [him]†. ... The character of Mina is quite opposite to the character of Lucy, she is an innocent woman with strict principles, moreover she is a devoted wife: â€Å"I have been working very hard lately, because I want to keep up with Jonathan’s studies†¦I shall be able to be useful to [him]† (Stoker 75). Women were considered weak creatures that needed protection all the time, thus it was necessary for women to be married. A man provided a woman with necessary protection, thus she had to be devoted and grateful to him for that. Needless to say that such an image of a woman is absolutely sexless, because a woman afraid of everything would never dare to express her sexual desires and if she tried to do that she would be severely punished and this attempt would turn into humiliation. The character of Dracula is very interesting in terms of sexuality, first of all because Dracula is bisexual. The sexuality of Dracula is also demonstrated through vampires’ transformations an d the rituals of blood sucking, which represent the realization of vampires’ reproductive function. â€Å"it is eminently notable, then, that male, not female vampires reproduce†¦Dracula alone reproduces his form† (Halberstam 7). Dracula is a creature without a particular gender that makes his character very interesting; he is a real embodiment of sexuality. According to Craft, Dracula’s sexuality is what the whole novel is based on: â€Å"a swooning desire for an overwhelming penetration and an intense aversion to the demonic potency empowered to gratify that desire† (Craft 109). Stoker presents us with a unique and interesting representation of human sexuality.

Belks and Goffmans Theories of Extended Self Essay

Belks and Goffmans Theories of Extended Self - Essay Example Emphasising on this particular issue, the discussion henceforth will be based on analysing self-concept from the perspective of Belk and Goffman. Belk’s Theory of Extended Self Belk’s advancement of extended self has been argued to render an innovative viewpoint regarding the study of self in consumer behaviour. Contextually, the theory of ‘extended self’ has provided a valuable motivation in the acknowledgement of requirement to extend the understanding of consumer behaviour beyond the traditional limitations of individuals as mechanical consumers of goods. According to Belk, possessions reflect the personality of possessor and sequentially these possessions contribute to the individuality (Belk, 1988). Goffman’s Theory of Self As affirmed in his theory of self, Goffman believed that every participant in social interactions is engaged in certain activities in order to avoid being embarrassed or embarrassing others. Goffman further observed that the connection between the type of activities which people usually conduct in their regular life and theatrical performances determine their identity and behavioural pattern. He believed that when individuals come in communication with other people, they intend to control or direct the impression by shifting their situation (Barnhart, n.d.). Analysis Blog 1: â€Å"Migration to Mobile I - How is Consumer Behaviour Changing?† The blog is based on the understanding of consumer behaviour towards purchasing mobile phones. The explanation depicted that in mobile phone market, consumer behaviour is highly impacted by the attributes of ‘extended self’. Mobile phone, as a possession can reflect the personality of possessor which in turn influences the purchasing behaviour of the potential customers. Furthermore, with respect to the Goffman’s theory, the social communication also tends to influence the purchase of products like mobile ph ones (Strategysmm, 2013). Blog 2: â€Å"Consumer Behaviour on Tattoos† The blog deals in learning the behaviour of consumers

Leadership styles you think would be most appropriate to use with each Essay

Leadership styles you think would be most appropriate to use with each of your management team members - Essay Example She is sensible enough to see others for what they are and to extend even-handed treatment to them. That is how she succeeds in relationship building - by doing unto others as she would like others do unto her. These qualities make her a trust-worthy and reliable organ of the organization. She is, therefore, most suited to the ‘entrusting’ strategy, because only those who can be trusted can be entrusted. Empowerment and entrusting have to go hand in hand; that is what is called delegation. Either of them doesn’t make sense without the other. People like Emma Knight can be taken into confidence and be given a stake in the process of decision-making. That she is a qualified Project Management Professional makes her all the more eligible for entrusting. That Alistair had earlier been a contract programmer and was later hired full-time is very much a testimony of his competence and of being quite knowledgeable. Nevertheless, the fact remains that he is only a technical specialist but not a management expert. Then it is to be noted that he had himself explicitly expressed his lack of confidence in his own managerial abilities. It is rather obvious that his lack of enthusiasm and even occasional reluctance stem from his self-doubt. But he is interested in the benefits and promotion which is a proof that he does have a motivation inside him. This element of motivation considered alongside his technical strength is reason enough to believe that he can be of value to the organization. That value can be realized only after acknowledging that he is a manager but not a leader. The two are a lot different. It must also be taken into account that he is after all on his first full-time responsibility of this kind. It is an issue that needs to be addressed immediately and carefully on the one hand because he can be of use and on the other because his ineffectiveness has a bearing on team performance. He

Comparison of Indirect Cost Multipliers for Vehicle Manufacturing Essay Example for Free

Comparison of Indirect Cost Multipliers for Vehicle Manufacturing Essay Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The University of Chicago, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of document authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, Argonne National Laboratory, or The University of Chicago. COMPARISON OF INDIRECT COST MULTIPLIERS FOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURING INTRODUCTION In the process of manufacturing and selling vehicles, a manufacturer incurs certain costs. Among these costs are those incurred directly as a part of manufacturing operations and those incurred indirectly in the processes of manufacturing and selling. The indirect costs may be productionrelated, such as RD and engineering; business-related, such as corporate staff salaries and pensions; or retail-sales-related, such as dealer support and marketing. These indirect costs are recovered by allocating them to each vehicle. Under a stable, high-volume production process, the allocation of these indirect costs can be approximated as multipliers (or factors) applied to the direct cost of manufacturing. A manufacturer usually allocates indirect costs to finished vehicles according to a corporation-specific pricing strategy. Because the volumes of sales and production vary widely by model within a corporation, the internal corporate percent allocation of various accounting categories (such as profit or corporate overhead) can vary widely among individual models. Approaches also vary across corporations. For our purposes, an average value is constructed, by means of a generic representative method, for vehicle models produced at high volume. To accomplish this, staff at Argonne National Laboratory’s (ANL’s) Center for Transportation Research analyzed the conventional vehicle cost structure and developed indirect cost multipliers for passenger vehicles. This memorandum summarizes the results of an effort to compare and put on a common basis the cost multipliers used in ANL’s electric and hybrid electric vehicle cost estimation procedures with those resulting from two other methodologies. One of the two compared methodologies is derived from a 1996 presentation by Dr. Chris Borroni-Bird of Chrysler Corporation, the other is by Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. (EEA), as described in a 1995 report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Congress of the United States. The cost multipliers are used for scaling the component costs to retail prices. ANL METHODOLOGY The ANL methodology described here is based on an analysis concerned with electric vehicle production and operating costs (Cuenca et al. 2000; Vyas et al. 1998). The analysis evaluated the cost structure for conventional vehicle manufacturing and retailing and assigned shares of the manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP) to various cost contributors. Multipliers developed from the ANL methodology are applied to the manufacturing cost of an individual component in order to scale the component cost to the retail price. Several cost contributors are included in the methodology, as summarized in Table 1. Some of the vehicle components for electric and hybrid electric vehicles would be procured from outside suppliers. This assumption is applied to electric drive components, excluding the battery; the vehicle manufacturer would produce the rest. Thus, two cost multipliers, one for the components manufactured internally and the other for outsourced components, are necessary to estimate the price of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Outside suppliers would incur some of the costs normally borne by the vehicle manufacturer. In the ANL methodology, we assume that the costs of â€Å"Warranty,† â€Å"RD/Engineering,† and â€Å"Depreciation and Amortization† are borne by the Page 1 suppliers of outsourced components. The outside suppliers would include these costs in their prices. The following two cost multipliers are computed by using â€Å"Cost of Manufacture† as the base: Cost multiplier for components manufactured internally = 100/50 = 2. 00. Cost multiplier for outsourced components = 100/(50 + 6. 5 + 5. 5 + 5) = 1. 50. Table 1 Contributors to Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price in ANL Methodology Cost Category Cost Contributor Relative to Share of Cost of Vehicle MSRP Manufacturing (%) Vehicle Manufacturing Cost of Manufacture 1. 00 50. 0 Production Overhead Warranty 0. 10 5. 0 RD/Engineering 0. 13 6. 5 Depreciation and Amortization 0. 11 5. 5 Corporate Overhead Corporate Overhead, Retirement and 0. 14 7. 0 Health Selling Distribution, Marketing, Dealer 0. 47 23. 5 Support, and Dealer Discount Sum of Costs 1. 95 97. 5 Profit Profit 0. 05 2. 5 Total Contribution to 2. 00 100. 0 MSRP METHODOLOGY DERIVED FROM BORRONI-BIRD PRESENTATION In his presentation, entitled â€Å"Automotive Fuel Cell Requirements,† at the 1996 Automotive Technology Development Customers’ Coordination Meeting, Borroni-Bird included charts on the â€Å"Typical American Automobile: Price/Cost Breakdown. † The charts provided a graphical breakdown of vehicle price, showing cost contributors and profit. We used the charts to arrive at percentage shares of vehicle price by various contributors. Table 2 shows the resulting allocation. Page 2 Table 2 Price/Cost Breakdown Based on Borroni-Bird Presentation Cost Category Cost Contributor a Vehicle Manufacturing Fixed Cost Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP a Material Cost Assembly Labor and Other Manufacturing a Costs Transportation/Warranty Amortization and Depreciation, Engineering RD, Pension and Health Care, Advertising, and Overhead Price Discounts Dealer Markup Automobile Profit. Relative to Cost of Vehicle Manufacturing 0. 87 0. 13 0. 09 0. 44 Share of MSRP (%) 42. 5 6. 5 4. 5 21. 5 0. 10 0. 36 1. 99 0. 06 2. 05 5. 0 17. 5 97. 5 2. 5 100. 0 These two contributors are scaled to sum to 1 in the third column, as in Table 1. In his presentation, Borroni-Bird did not evaluate the treatment of in-house or outsourced components. His methodology does not lend itself to easy computation of cost multipliers comparable with those in the ANL methodology, unless we make a few assumptions. We have assumed that â€Å"Material Cost,† taken together with â€Å"Assembly Labor and Other Manufacturing Costs,† would form the â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing† base for the in-house components. The costs of â€Å"Transportation/Warranty,† â€Å"Amortization and Depreciation,† and â€Å"Engineering RD† would be borne by the suppliers of outsourced components. However, â€Å"Amortization and Depreciation† and â€Å"Engineering RD† costs were merged with â€Å"Pension and Health Care,† â€Å"Advertising,† and â€Å"Overhead† costs by Borroni-Bird. We assumed that half of the costs under this category would be borne by the suppliers of outsourced components. Our assumptions led to the following cost multipliers: Cost multiplier for components manufactured internally = 100/(42. 5 + 6. 5) = 2. 05. Cost multiplier for outsourced components = 100/(42. 5 + 6. 5 + 4. 5 + 10. 75) = 1. 56. These cost multipliers are very similar to those computed with the ANL methodology. Comparison of ANL and Borroni-Bird Methodologies The information from Tables 1 and 2 is shown in terms of cost categories in Table 3. Both methodologies use vehicle manufacturing cost as the base and add other costs to it. The share of MSRP attributable to â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing† is 50% in the ANL methodology, compared with 49% in the Borroni-Bird Methodology. Borroni-Bird combined several cost contributors under â€Å"Fixed Cost. † These contributors include (see Table 2) â€Å"Amortization and Depreciation,† â€Å"Engineering RD,† â€Å"Pension and Health Care,† â€Å"Advertising,† and â€Å"Overhead. † Except for the inclusion of â€Å"Advertising,† â€Å"Production Overhead† and â€Å"Corporate Overhead† in the ANL methodology can be combined to form an equivalent category. ANL’s total of 24% by production Page 3 and corporate overheads is slightly lower than the total of 26% by Borroni-Bird. The ANL category of â€Å"Selling,† which includes â€Å"Distribution,† â€Å"Marketing,† â€Å"Dealer Support,† and â€Å"Dealer Discount,† is broader than that of â€Å"Price Discounts† and â€Å"Dealer Markup† specified by BorroniBird, and this category’s contribution is understandably slightly higher in the ANL methodology. The share of MSRP by â€Å"Profit† is the same in both methodologies. The absolute differences, computed as ANL value minus Borroni-Bird value, are 1% for â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing,† –2% for â€Å"Fixed Cost,† and 1% for â€Å"Selling† cost. Table 3 Comparison of Vehicle Price/Cost Allocation by ANL and Borroni-Bird Methodologies ANL Methodology Cost Contributor or Category Vehicle Manufacturing Production Overhead Corporate Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP EEA METHODOLOGY The methodology of Energy and Environmental Analysis is summarized in the OTA report OTAETI-638, entitled Advanced Automotive Technology: Visions of a Super-Efficient Family Car, published in September 1995. The values of some cost contributors are not listed in the report. Moreover, depreciation, amortization, and tooling expenses are assumed to be case-specific and therefore must be computed for each case. In order to make the EEA and ANL methodologies comparable, some assumptions were necessary. These assumptions are described in the summary below. The EEA cost equations can be simplified as follows: Cost of Manufacture = Division Cost ? [1 + Division Overhead] Manufacturer Cost = [Cost of Manufacture + Assembly Labor + Assembly Overhead] ? [1 + Manufacturing Overhead + Manufacturing Profit] + Engineering Expense + Tooling Expense + Facilities Expense Retail Price Equivalent = Manufacturer Cost ? [1 + Dealer Margin] Borroni-Bird Methodology Share of Cost Contributor or Category Share of MSRP (%) MSRP (%) 50. 0 Vehicle Manufacturing 49. 0 17. 0 Fixed Cost 26. 0 7. 0 23. 5 Selling 22. 5 97. 5 Sum of Costs 97. 5 2. 5 Automobile Profit 2. 5 100. 0 MSRP 100. 0 Page 4 The report lists the following values for overhead, profit, and dealer margin: Division Overhead = Supplier Overhead = 0. 20 (We assume that division and supplier overheads are equal; only the supplier overhead is given in the report. ) Manufacturing Overhead = 0. 25 Manufacturing Profit = 0. 20 Dealer Margin = 0. 25 Because the documentation in the OTA report does not provide values for â€Å"Assembly Labor,† â€Å"Assembly Overhead,† â€Å"Engineering Expense,† â€Å"Tooling Expense,† and â€Å"Facilities Expense,† cost multipliers cannot be computed directly from these data. The â€Å"Assembly Labor† and â€Å"Assembly Overhead† share of MSRP is 6. 5% in Borroni-Bird’s presentation. The engineering, tooling, and facilities expenses can be taken as the sum of â€Å"RD/Engineering† and â€Å"Depreciation and Amortization† from the ANL methodology, at 12% of the MSRP. In deriving the division cost and price relationship below, we use the term Retail Price Equivalent (RPE) from the OTA report instead of MSRP. The RPE can be computed as follows: RPE = = = {[Division Cost ? 1. 2 + 0. 065 RPE] ? 1. 45 + 0. 12 RPE} ? 1. 25 Division Cost ? 2. 175 + 0. 268 RPE Division Cost ? 2. 175/(1 – 0. 268) = Division Cost ? 2. 97 Putting ANL and EEA Methodologies on a Common Basis As it was described in the OTA report, the EEA methodology did not provide enough data to compute the cost multipliers. We assumed some cost shares to be the same between the EEA, Borroni-Bird, and ANL methodologies while developing the above relationship between Division Cost and RPE. The EEA methodology is based on the material and labor costs of a division of the vehicle manufacturer, with other costs added on. The ANL methodology evaluates an assembled vehicle, using the vehicle manufacturing cost as the base cost. The ANL methodology also assigns additional costs to the outsourced components, whereas the treatment of such components is not clear in the EEA methodology. We have attempted to develop a common basis for the ANL and EEA methodologies by assigning shares of the final vehicle price, RPE in the EEA methodology, to individual cost categories similar to those listed in Table 1. Table 4 presents such a summary for the EEA methodology. Three cost contributors, â€Å"Division Cost,† â€Å"Division Overhead,† and â€Å"Assembly Labor and Overhead,† are combined under the â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing† category. Two cost contributors, â€Å"Manufacturing Overhead† and â€Å"Engineering, Tooling, and Facilities Expenses,† combine to form the â€Å"Overhead† category. The â€Å"Dealer Margin† in the EEA methodology represents a factor applied to all manufacturer costs and profit. We assumed that this factor represents all costs of selling the vehicle. Although the profit is computed at the manufacturing level by EEA, we moved the profit to the bottom of the table to be consistent with prior tables. The cost allocation in Table 4 allows us to compute the in-house components cost multiplier as follows: Cost multiplier for in-house components = 100/(33. 7 + 6. 7 + 6. 5) = 2. 14 Page 5 To compute the cost multiplier for an outsourced component, one more assumption is necessary. In the ANL methodology, we assumed that the supplier will bear the costs of â€Å"Warranty,† â€Å"RD Engineering,† and â€Å"Depreciation and Amortization. † However, the EEA methodology does not identify the warranty cost separately. We assumed it to be half of â€Å"Manufacturing Overhead† at 5. 05%. This, with the earlier assumption related to â€Å"Engineering, Tooling, and Facilities Expenses,† led to the following computation: Cost multiplier for outsourced components = 100/(33. 7 + 6. 7 + 6. 5 + 5. 05 + 12) = 1. 56. These multipliers, adapted from our extension of theE EA information on vehicle costs, are very close to those derived from the ANL and Borroni-Bird methodologies. Table 4 Contributors to Retail Price Equivalent in EEA Methodology Cost Category Cost Contributor a Vehicle Manufacturing Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit Manufacturing Profit Total Contribution to RPE a Division Cost a Division Overhead Assembly Labor and a Overhead Manufacturing Overhead Engineering, Tooling, and Facilities Expenses Dealer Margin Relative to Cost of Vehicle Manufacturing 0. 72 0. 14 0. 14 0. 22 0. 26 0. 49 1. 97 0. 17 2. 14 Share of RPE (%) 33. 7 6. 7 6. 5 10. 1 12. 0 22. 9 91. 9 8. 1 100. 0 These three cost contributors are scaled to sum to 1 in the third column, as in Table 1. Comparison of ANL and EEA Methodologies The information from Tables 1 and 4 is presented in terms of cost categories in Table 5 for easy comparison. The â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing† cost share is 46. 9% in the EEA methodology, compared with 50% in the ANL methodology. EEA’s RPE share of 22. 1% by overhead is lower than the ANL value of 24%. The cost of selling is 22. 9% in the EEA methodology, which is close to the ANL value of 23. 5%. The largest difference is in the RPE share by profit, which is 8. 1% in the EEA methodology, more than three times the ANL value of 2. 5%. According to Economic Indicators: The Motor Vehicle’s Role in the U. S. Economy (American Automobile Manufacturers Association 1998), the average net income before taxes for the three domestic manufacturers was 3. 9% during 1994-1997. Aside from vehicle sales, this value (3. 9%) includes income from spare parts sales and vehicle financing. Thus, the profit share appears very high in the EEA methodology. The absolute differences – computed as ANL value minus EEA value – are 3. 1% for component/material cost, 1. 9% for overhead, 0. 6% for selling, and –5. 6% for profit. Page 6 Table 5 Comparison of Price Allocation by ANL and EEA Methodologies ANL Methodology Cost Contributor or Category Vehicle Manufacturing Production Overhead Corporate Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP SUMMARY An attempt to put three methodologies for automobile cost allocation on a common basis is presented in this technical memorandum. This comparison was carried out to verify the reasonableness of the cost multipliers used in ANL’s cost models for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. When put into a common format, by means of certain assumptions, the three approaches yielded the cost multipliers provided in Table 6. Table 6 Summary of Cost Multipliers Computed on a Common Basis Multiplier for In-House Components Outsourced Components ACKNOWLEDGMENT Funding for the analysis presented here was provided by the Planning and Assessment function of the Office of Transportation Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy, managed by Dr. Philip Patterson. This technical memorandum is produced under U. S. Government contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. REFERENCES American Automobile Manufacturers Association, 1998, Economic Indicators: The Motor Vehicle’s Role in the U. S. Economy, Detroit, Mich. Borroni-Bird, C. , 1996, â€Å"Automotive Fuel Cell Requirements,† Proceedings of the 1996 Automotive Technology Development Customers’ Coordination Meeting, U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies, Washington, D. C. ANL 2. 00 1. 50 Borroni-Bird 2. 05 1. 56 EEA 2. 14 1. 56 EEA Methodology Share of Cost Contributor or Category MSRP (%) 50. 0 Vehicle Manufacturing 17. 0 Overhead 7. 0 23. 5 Selling 97. 5 Sum of Costs 2. 5 Profit 100. 0 RPE Share of RPE (%) 46. 9 22. 1 22. 9 91. 9 8. 1 100. 0 Page 7 Cuenca, R. M. , L. L. Gaines, and A. D. Vyas, 2000, Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Production and Operating Costs, Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL/ESD-41, Argonne, Ill. (to be published). Vyas, A. , R. Cuenca, and L. Gaines, 1998, â€Å"An Assessment of Electric Vehicle Life Cycle Costs to Consumers,† Proceedings of the 1998 Total Life Cycle Conference, SAE International Report P339, Warrendale, Penn. , pp. 161-172.

New Balance Analysis Essay Example for Free

New Balance Analysis Essay Generally, New Balance has done a brilliant job in all aspects. Especially in the aspects of operations and community involvement, it has provided leadership for the apparel industry. Although currently some weaknesses exist, New balance should seize the opportunities and take the responsibility to be a sustainable leader in entire industry. First, for the overall governance, New Balance should committed to being responsible for its employees and the committees. The company should inspire an engaged and committed workforce, and build an emotional bond with athletic consumers. However, there several aspects that the New Balance should enhance or focus on. Communication seems to be the key obstacle. New balance should be more transparent and report, and makes CSR initiatives better connected. Also, the lack of clear leadership appears to be another obstacle, missing of senior-level champion makes the developing of CSR barely impossible. Current definition and organization of RL are not cleared. A clear framework was needed to identify the risks and opportunities of CSR. Second, in the respect of the products and services, company should be very powerful on the market. Social and environmental improvements should be carried out with business benefits through its products and services. For example, green product lines should be adopted. Also, dangerous materials and harmful substance should be eliminated or forbidden. While, the link between products services and CRS seems to be vague, New Balance should increase the impact of environmental and social initiatives on generating business benefits. For both footwear and apparel, evaluation of the life-cycle impacts is absence; for the apparel division, sources are limited and the business growth pressure is extremely high. More effort should be putted on new materials together with their performance, especially the environmental-friendly ones. Moreover, recycles of its own products should be improved by developing industry collaboration and cooperating with other manufacturers. Third, during operations, integration of CSR should be developed both in domestic and overseas. Initiatives should demonstrate clear business value. Reducing costs, increasing productivity should be implemented together with improving worker safety and morale. Besides being responsible in domestic, New Balance should also guarantee the qualities of product and conditions for workers in overseas factories. The two big challenges are the gap between the footwear division compared to apparel, accessories and promotional items, and the gap between CSR management in domestic operations and supplier facilities overseas. Lastly, it is about supporting the community. The company should be the leader in both philanthropy and volunteering. Employees should be strongly involved in volunteering. In addition, community involvement strategies should be aligned with business strategy. There are still some weakness in the last respect. New balance should better leverage its strong community involvement culture to cooperate with business strategies. Rather than containing all respects, the community strategy should be more specific and more globalized.

Heavy metal pollutant

Heavy metal pollutant An ongoing debate regarding the exact definition for heavy metal pollutant, there are many different definitions have been proposed. For example, some based on density, some on atomic number or atomic weight, and some on chemical properties or toxicity. The commonly definition of heavy metal is the element with a high (>5.0) relative density and atomic weight. Kyung Ah Moon(2007) said thatheavy metals as metal or metallic materials and described them as metals which are toxic and accumulated in the human body Heavy metals normally occurring in nature are not harmful to our environment, because they are only present in very small amounts. The heavy metals only become pollution when they show up in huge amounts due to industrialization. The word of pollution is an emotive term, meaning different things to differentpeople: a reasonable general definition might be ‘too much of something in the wrong place (Harrison, 1990). To many people, heavy metal pollution is a problem associat ed with areas of intensive industry. However, roadways and automobiles now are considered to be one of the largest sources of heavy metals. The heavy metals causing pollution are mercury, arsenic, copper, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and zinc .Toxic heavy metals in air, soil, and water are global problems that are a growing threat to the environment. The sources of heavy metal pollutants are metal mining, metal smelting, metallurgical industries, and other metal-using industries, waste disposal, corrosions of metals in use, agriculture and forestry, forestry, fossil fuel combustion, and sports and leisure activities. Heavy metal contamination affects large areas worldwide. Hot spots of heavy metal pollution are located close to industrial sites, around large cities and in the vicinity of mining and smelting plants. Agriculture in these areas faces major problems due to heavy metal transfer into crops and subsequently into the food chain.About half of the zinc and copper contribu tion to the environment from urbanization is from automobiles. For example, Brakes release copper, while tire wear releases zinc. Motor oil also tends to accumulate metals as it comes into contact with surrounding parts as the engine runs, so oil leaks become another pathway by which metals enter the environment. we know what is heavy metal pollution and the sources of it ,but what is the effect of it for our body. Generally, humans are exposed to these metals byingestion (drinking or eating) or inhalation (breathing).Working in or living near an industrial site which utilizesthese metals and their compounds increases ones riskof exposure, as does living near a site where these metalshave been improperly disposed.Heavy metals are dangerous because they tend to bioaccumulate in food chain. Là ¡szlà ³ (2008)said that Bioaccumulation means an increase in the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time, compared to the chemicals concentration in the environment. Compounds accumulate in living things any time they are taken up and stored faster than they are broken down (metabolized) or excreted. Now we are going to describe the kinds of heavy metals, their dangerous levels and the effects of these heavy metals to human health and environment. The heavy metals such asLead, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, Selenium and Mercuryare very pollutants. Lead in humans, Long term exposure can occur acute or chronic damage to the nervous system on humans. Cadmium in humans, long-term exposure is associated with renal disfunction. High exposure can lead to obstructive lung disease and has been linked to lung cancer, and damage to humans respiratory systems. Copper is an essential substance to human life, but in high doses it can cause anemia, liver and kidney damage, and stomach and intestinal irritation. Effect of the Mercury is to cause damage to the brain and the central nervous system. Chromium (VI) compounds are toxins and known human carcinogens, whereas Chromium (III) is an essential nutrient. Breathing high levels can cause irritation to the lining of the nose; nose ulcers; runny nose; and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. Allergic reactions consisting of severe redness and swelling of the skin have been noted. Long term exposure can cause damage to liver, kidney circulatory and nerve ti ssues (Martin,2009), so heavy metal cause extremely effect for human, but what about environment. Heavy metals may be used to extract gold and other raw materials from the earth, but its left behind an extremely destruction. Bilal (2006) writs that Soil and water are considered a last resort for most of the chemicals produced by the rights.heavy In natural pollution of environments, this pollution created through the dissolution of heavy metals with water during the natural cycle of water through the rocks or through the soil containing quantities of these metals such as mercury, lead, zinc, nickel, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron and others. This phenomenon exists in many countries, contamination may occur naturally in the ground because of the interactions of metals with sulfur oxidizing substances can activate such interactions the presence of nitrates that can come from many sources(Omadar,2009).Artificial pollution may occur pollution in streams that come from the mines of these tables contain heavy metals and high concentrations of these metals in turn can be grouped in th e structure of exposed rock due to direct contact with oxygen in such a phenomenon found in the eastern provinces of Germany, where in the work of extracting minerals , and types of industrial pollution, mineral processing and manufacture of the final, produces large quantities of industrial wastes that contain many types of harmful metals such as chromium, mercury, lead, nickel, cadmium .. Etc.. These wastes discharged into the open water or drainage systems without careful elimination and therefore the move waste into rivers and lakes are the primary sources of drinking water, and in many cases heavy metal penetrate the soil to the water basins due to the illegal discharge of contaminated water into the ground. Sources of pollution, heavy elements are multiple and vary depending on the type of heavy metal and raw materials but most of these sources are industrial waste or transfer of these elements of air into the water by dissolution in rainwater. The risk of contamination of hea vy metal elements: For the risks related to animals living in the aquatic environment, these heavy metals accumulate in their bodies and may lead to death in the event of a high concentration of heavy pollutants. While the health risks related to people up to him through the transition metals to fish and plants and then to humans through food, accumulate in the human body, causing serious illnesses by type of metal. There are risks associated with aquatic plants and soil planted with these plants that are irrigated with polluted water

Solar Access Laws :: Essays Papers

Solar Access Laws Brief History of Solar Access Ralph Knowles’ paper, â€Å"The Solar Envelope† further discusses the high priority given to structures that reflected the path of the sun in ancient civilizations. The Acoma Pueblo Settlement west of Albuquerque, New Mexico has been occupied by over one thousand years. In Acoma, buildings are arranged in rows oriented to the south at intervals down the hillside. The buildings collectively face south, toward warming rays of winter sun and away from heating east/west sun of summer. In the winter the low sun warms thick masonry walls that in turn warm interior rooms into the night. In the summer the sun passes overhead hitting (and reflecting off of) roofs and terraces. The Acoma houses are spaced to offer protection in summer by sharing sidewalls and so as not to shade one another in winter. Necessity of Solar Access Laws As societies have placed value on solar access for centuries, we are faced in a time of extreme exponential growth with the challenges of maintaining equal solar access for all. Equal Solar Access is important in two fundamental ways. The first is science based. Solar access saves energy. In 1988 the Tacoma Energy Office conducted the â€Å"Tacoma Solar Access and Economic Benefits Study† and found that solar lot orientation reduces energy use by between ten and twenty percent per single-family housing unit (Aalfs 1997). As in Acoma, the Tacoma energy office recognized the fundamental role the sun could play in efficient energy use and ultimately energy conservation. In Tacoma, energy savings were identified as the primary goal of solar access standards. In Tacoma they cited further that energy savings would be likely to go up in the future with the development of solar technologies and diminishing supplies of petroleum products. Individuals and businesses in both the private and public sectors must have equal opportunity to alternative energy systems that may use the infinite (at least until the sun super novas) supply of solar energy. It is necessary to maintain equal access for not only current energy savings but for alternative energy strategies in the future. Ultimately, the sun is integral to all life. Knowles states that it is the warmth, energy and rhythm of our lives. It â€Å"informs our perceptions of time and space and our scale in the universe.† Knowles goes as far as to say, â€Å"Without the assurance of solar access, we face uncertainty and disorientation.

The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Literary Analysis, Nathaniel Hawthorne

Sin. The word itself is synonymous with evil, shame, and a host of other negative connotations. Everyone sins. Still, each individual copes with his or her sin uniquely. Do they burrow their ignominy inside or do they confess their wrongdoing? Which one is more preferable over the other? Author Nathaniel Hawthorne takes a stab at answering some of these profound life questions in The Scarlet Letter. Through the events that occur in the lives of the characters Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynn, Hawthorne conveys his opinion that confessing and repenting sin is better than hiding sin. Roger Chillingworth’s character serves to represent the detrimental side effects that are conceived in a life as a result of continuing in sin without confessing. Chillingworth realizes what he has become due to his sinful vengeance when he says, â€Å"No life had been more peaceful and innocent than mine; few lives so rich with benefits conferred. Dost thou remember me? Was I not, though you might deem me cold, nevertheless a man thoughtful for others, craving little for himself, -kind, true, just, and of constant, if not warm affections? And what am I now? I have already told thee what I am! A fiend!† (Hawthorne 118). Roger is enslaved by his desire for revenge towards Dimmesdale, and in doing so, transforms himself from a wise, peaceful man, into a revenge-driven monster. In fact Hawthorne writes that, â€Å"This unhappy man had made the very principle of his life to consist in the pursuit and systematic exercise of revenge†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (177). During Arthu r’s death scene Roger has, â€Å"†¦a blank, dull, countenance, out of which life seemed to have departed† (Hawthorne 175). He also explains that, â€Å"†¦old Roger Chillingworth’s deceas... ...nt as each of the men feel in their own hearts. While Dimmesdale’s extreme depression most likely causes his fatal disease, Chillingworth’s vengeful attitude towards Arthur mutates him into a gargoyle whose sole purpose is to frighten away any joy that may exist in Dimmesdale’s life. On the other hand, Hester emerges victorious in the denouement of the tale, counseling countless other hurting women and successfully raising a daughter, Pearl. There is no doubt that Hawthorne utilizes the incidences in the lives of Arthur, Hester and Roger to illustrate that keeping your sin from the rest of the world is not the way to go, and that, to receive the most from life, like Hester, you must confess your sin. In the words of Nathaniel Hawthorne-â€Å"Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred!† (177).

Attenuation Effects on Data Transmitted through Cable :: essays research papers

Attenuation Effects on Data Transmitted through Cable Abstract Attenuation refers to any reduction in the strength of a signal. Attenuation occurs with digital or analog signals. Attenuation is the end result of signals being transmitted extended distances. Attenuation is usually expressed in units called decibels (dBs). The cable type will determine at what point along the length of the cable signal degradation occurs. Repeaters can be inserted along the length of the cable to boost the signal strength which increases the maximum attainable range of data transmitted though the cable. Attenuation Effects on Data Transmitted through Cable The majority of attenuation in Coax cable comes from resistive losses in the cable's metallic conductors. Temperature also has effects the resistivity of the conducting surface. Resistivity is a "bulk property of material describing how well that material inhibits current flow. This is slightly different from resistance, which is not a physical property. If one considers current flowing through a unit cube of material (say, a solid metal cube that measures 1 meter on each side), resistivity is defined as the voltage measured across the unit cube length (V/m) divided by the current flowing through the unit cube's cross sectional area (I/m2). This results in units of Ohm m2/m or Ohm-m." [University of British Columbia Geophysical Inversion Facility] Temperature affects the movement of electrons in the material. When a signal voltage is passed through a wire the electrons collides with the atoms in the material. If more atoms are allowed collide with electrons, the greater the frictional resistance, which affects the cable ability to conduct (allow data to pass through the cable). Temperature causes the atoms with in the material to move. Increasing the temperature causes the atoms to â€Å"jiggle† which causes frequent collations with electrons. The opposite is true when the temperature is lowered. Attenuation is a function of the frequency of the signal, and the length and physical structure of the cable itself. Specifically, it depends on: †¢ The diameter of the inner conductor: as the diameter of the conductor increases, attenuation decreases. †¢ The composition of the outer conductor: the more effective the screening action, the lower the attenuation. †¢ The nature of the dielectric: the lower its constant dielectric, the lower the attenuation. Therefore, an expanded dielectric supplies, at any given diameter, values of attenuation lower than a solid dielectric. Since the type of cable, the temperature, and the rate at which data is being passed through the cables are constant, the length of the cable is the only factor that affects the attenuation in the two cables.

Economic Booms of China and India Essay

It has been well known that China and India are having an economic boom whilst the west is in a recession. The question is whether China and India are going to slip into a recession as their rate of growth is thought to be â€Å"unhealthy†, this would put the western countries back into recession which is a very worrying prospect for a slowly recovering western world. China’s GDP (growth domestic product) is now over $4,211 billion a growth from $53 billion in 1978. China is between a LEDC and a MEDC and is growing at a extremely fast rate which is thought to be â€Å"unhealthy†. China’s main port (which there are 200 of) are growing at a huge rate which cannot be sustainable the Port of Shenzhen is growing at over 25% annually to provide the world which China made products. The port is home to 39 shipping companies who have launched 131 international container routes. There are 560 ships on call at Shenzhen port on a monthly basis and also 21 feeder route s to other ports in the Pearl River Delta region. China just had a deceleration in growth which worried the whole world. The slowdown can be blamed on a variety of factors. China’s government was aiming for a slight deceleration, as it tried to tame its real estate boom and rapid inflation. While the rate still is allot faster than the growth in the United Kingdom, it marks an uncomfortable soft patch for China. Over the last three decades, the country has barrelled ahead at an average of about 10% a year. This shows that the â€Å"unhealthy† growth of China of an average of 10% will eventually slow down and bring the whole world into a very bad recession. The economy of India is the eleventh largest in the world by nominal GDP and the third largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country is one of the G-20 major economies and a member of BRICS. On a per capita income basis, India ranked 140th by nominal GDP and 129th by GDP (PPP) in 2011, according to the IMF. However India’s economic growth is also much higher than it is in the western world but I believe their growth is much healthier than the growth in China. India’s industry only accounts for 28% of its GDP whereas in China that number is much higher. China and India share many similarities as they are both growing at a huge rate but China’s growth is mainly in industry which is much less sustainable. China is also relying on  the fact communism remains strong and doesn’t crash because if it does wages will rise and put western countries in recession. India designs much more unique high quality products which is much more sustainable than China’s large scale low quality batch production which is much less sustainable and that is the reason I believe that China is the biggest threat to the western world. I believe that China is the biggest threat to the western countries and would put the whole world into recession. Therefore I believe the countries should stop relying on China so heavily because China controls the whole world. If China did not believe in something a county did it could stop the exports to that country which would hugely affect that country. Therefore I believe that it is a threat to the west. I do not believe that India is YET such a threat as China but in less than 10 years I belive it may be just as much of a problem as china.

Carrie Chapter One

intelligence agency item from the West everyplace (Me.) weekly Enterprise, August 19, 1966 rainwater OF STONES REPORTEDIt was reliably reported by s everal persons that a rain of st integritys barbaric from a clear blue vend on Carlin Street in the town of Chamberlain on August 17th. The st singles mow gener bothy on the headquarters of Mrs Margargont duster, damaging the crownwork extensively and ruining cardinal gutters and a wastesp knocked out(a)(p) valued at approximately $25. Mrs snow-clad, a widow, lives with her three- socio-economic class-old daughter, Carietta.Mrs washrag could non be reached for comment.nought was re entirelyy surprised when it happened, non really, non at the subconscious level where merciless involvements grow. On the surface, all the girls in the wargon room were shocked, thrilled, ashamed, or simply fortunate that the smock bitch had taken it in the mouth again. Some of them might be facial verbiages contri neerthelesse leade d surprise, except straight of course their claim was untrue. Carrie had been liberation to initiate with some of them since the scratch line grade, and this had been building since that time, building slowly and immutably, in ac pileance with all the laws that g overn humankind nature, building with all the steadiness of a chain reaction approaching critical mass.What none of them knew, of course, was that Carrie face cloth was telekinetic.Graffiti scratched on a desk of the Barker Street Grammar nurture in ChamberlainCarrie White eats shit.The storage locker room was filled with shouts, echoes, and the subterranean hold up of cascades splashing on tile. The girls had been playing volleyball game in block One, and their morning hidrosis was light and eager.Girls stretched and writhed on a lower floor the baking water, squalling, flicking water, squirting white bars of gook from business deal to hand. Carrie s similarlyd among them stolidly a toad among swans. Sh e was a chunky girl with pimples on her neck and back and buttocks, her ludicrous vibrissa completely without colour. It rested against her face with depress sogginess and she simply stood, head slightly bent, tolerate the water splat against her flesh and hoard off. She looked the part of the sacrificial goat, the continual butt, worshiper in left hand-handed monkey wrenches, sodding(a) foul-up, and she was. She wished forlornly and constantly that Ewen tall had individual-and because private-showers, worry the high schoolings at Andover or Boxford. They stared. They forever stared.Showers turning off one by one, girls stepping out, removing pastel ba social occasion caps, to rise uping, disperse deodorant, checking the clock over the gate. Bras were hooked, underpants stepped into. Steam hung in the air the place might rescue been an Egyptian bathhouse except for the constant rumble of the Jacuzzi whirlpool bath in the corner. Calls and cat watchwords rebounded w ith all the snap and flicker of billiard balls subsequently a hard break.-so Tommy utter he hated it on me and I--Im going with my sister and her husband. He picks his nose but so does she, so theyre very--shower after school and--too cheap to spend a blest penny so Cindi and I- cast off Desjardin, their slim, nonbreasted secondary schoolnasium teacher, stepped in, craned her-neck around briefly, and slapped her hands together once, sprucely. What are you waiting for, Carrie? Doom? Bell in five minutes. Her shorts were blinding white, her legs non too curved but spectacular in their unobtrusive muscularity. A cash whistle, won in college archery competition, hung around her neck.The girls giggled and Carrie looked up, her look slow and dazed from the heat and the steady, pounding roar of the water. Ohuh?It was a strangely froggy sound, monstrously apt, and the girls giggled again. Sue Snell had whipped a towel from her sensory cop with the speed of a magician embarkin g on a wondrous feat and began to disencumber rapidly. spend Desjardin do an irritated cranking gesticulate at Carrie and stepped out.Carrie turned off the shower. It died in a drip and a gurgle.It wasnt until she stepped out that they all saw the blood campaign down her leg.From The darkness change integrity. Documented Facts and special Conclusions Derived from the Case of Carietta White, by David R. Congress (Tulane University run 1981), p. 34It lot hardly be dis educeed that unsuccessful person to note detail instances of telekinesis during the White girls earlier eld must be attributed to the conclusions offered by White and Steams in their paper Telekinesis A Wild Talent Revisited-that the ability to sound objects by effort of the exit entirely comes to the fore exactly if in moments of complete personal stress. The talent is well inscrut equal indeed how else could it slang remained submerged for centuries with merely the tip of the iceberg showing sup ra a sea of quackery?We moderate only skimpy reckonsay order upon which to lay our foundation in this case, but even this is enough to indicate that a TK potential of immense magnitude existed indoors Carrie White. The great tragedy is that we are now all Monday-morning quarterbacks Per-iodThe catcall came first from Chris Hargensen. It strike the tiled walls, rebounded, and struck again. Sue Snell gasped laugh from her nose and felt an odd, vexing categorization of hate, revulsion, exasperation, and pity. She just looked so dumb, standing thither, not knowing what was going on. God, youd think she neerPER-iodIt was becoming a chant, an incantation. Someone in the back-ground (perhaps Hargensen again, Sue couldnt tell in the jungle of echoes) was yelling pound it up with hoarse, earthy abandon.PER-iod, PER-iod, PER-iodCarrie stood dumbly in the centre of a forming circle, water rolling from her skin in beads. She stood same a patient ox, alive(predicate) that the joke w as on her (as always), dumbly gangrenous but unsurprised.Sue felt welling shame as the first dark drops of menstrual blood struck the tile in dime-sized drops. For Gods sake Carrie, you got your issue Sue cried. undress yourself upOhuh?She looked around bovinely. Her hair stuck to her cheeks in a curving helmet shape. There was a cluster of acne on one shoulder. At sixteen, the elusive stamp of hurt was already marked clearly in her eyeball.She thinks theyre for lip rouge Ruth Grogan suddenly shouted with mystifying glee, and then burst into a screeching of laughter. Sue remembered the comment later and fitted itInto a general picture, but now it was only another senseless sound in the confusion. Sixteen? She was thinking. She must know whats happening, sheto a greater extent droplets of blood. Carrie tranquillise b tie in around at her classmates in slow bewilderment.Helen Shyres turned around and made mock throwingup gestures.Youre release Sue shout suddenly, furiously . Youre bleeding, you big dumb puddingCarrie looked down at herself.She shrieked.The sound was very shabby in the humid locker room.A tampon suddenly struck her in the chest and brutish with a plump at her feet. A red top stained the absorbent cotton fiber and spread. and then the laughter, disgusted, contemptuous, horrified, seemed to rise and bloom into something jagged and ugly, and the girls were bombarding her with tampons and hygienic napkins, some from purses, some from the broken dispenser on the wall. They flew like snow and the chant became Plug it up. Plug it up. Plug it-Sue was throwing them too, throwing and intone with the rest, not really sure what she was doing a charm had occurred to her mind and it glowed there like neon Theres no harm in it really no harm in it really no harm-It was still heartbeat and glowing, reassuringly, when Carrie suddenly began to howl and back away, flailing her ordnance and grunting and gobbling.The girls stopped, realizing that fission and explosion had lastly been reached. It was at this point, when looking back, that some of them would claim surprise. nonetheless there had been all these days, all these years of lets short-sheet Carries render at Christian jejuneness Camp and I found this cognise letter from Carrie to Flash Bobby Pickett lets copy it and clog it around and hide her underpants somewhere and put this snake in her shoe and put off her again, duck her again Carrie tagging along cussedly on biking trips, known one year as puddn and the next year as truck-face, always smelling sweaty, not able to catch up catching poison ivy from urinating in the bushes and everyone finding out (hey, scratch-ass, your bum itch?). nightstick Preston place peanut butter in her hair that time she fell asleep in study hall the pinches, the legs outstretched in school aisles to trip her up, the books knocked from her desk, the obscene postcard tucked into her purse Carrie on the church picnic and kneel ing down clumsily to pray and the seam of her old madras march splitting along the zipper like the sound of a huge windbreakage Carrie always missing the ball, even in kickball, failing on her face in innovational Dancing during their sopho more year and poker chip a tooth, running into the net during volleyball wearing stockings that were always run, running, or well-nigh to run, always showing sweat stains under the arms of her blouses even the time Chris Hargensen called up after school from the Kelly Fruit social club downtown and asked her if she knew that pig poop was spelled C-A-R-R-I-E short all this and the critical mass was reached. The eventual(prenominal) shit-on, grossout, put-down, long searched for, was found. Fission.She backed away, howling in the new silence, fat forearms crossing her face, a tampon stuck in the middle of her pubic hair.The girls watched her, their eyes shining solemnly.Carrie backed into the side of one of the four large shower compartments and slowly collapsed into a sitting position. Slow, mazed groans jerked out of her. Her eyes roll with nonsensical whiteness, like the eyes of a hogg in the slaughtering pen.Sue tell slowly, hesitantly I think this must be the first time she ever-That was when the door pump open with a flat and move bang and send away Desjardin burst in to see what the matter was.From The Shadow Exploded (p. 41)Both medical and psychological writers on the subject are in transcription that Carrie Whites exceptionally late and traumatic showtime of the menstrual cycle might well name provided the trigger for her latent talent.It seems undreamed of that, as late as 1979, Carrie knew cipher of the mature womans monthly cycle. It is almost as incredible to believe that the girls mother would permit her daughter to reach the age of nearly seventeen without consulting a gynaecologist concerning the daughters failure to menstruate.Yet the facts are incontrovertible. When Carrie White know sh e was bleeding from the vaginal opening, she had no base of what was taking place. She was innocent of the entire ideal of menstruation.One of her surviving classmates, Ruth Grogan, tells of go into the girls locker room at Ewen High School the year ahead the events we are concerned with and seeing Carrie use a tampon to blot her lipstick with. At that time Miss Grogan said What the perdition are you up to? Miss White replied Isnt this castigate? Miss Grogan then replied authorized. Sure it is. Ruth Grogan let a add of her girl mavens in on this (she later told this interviewer she thought it was sorta cute), and if anyone tried in the futurity to inform Carrie of the true purpose of what she was using to make up with, she apparently laid-off the explanation as an attempt to pull her leg. This was a facet of her life that she had turn over exceedingly wary ofWhen the girls were gone to their Period cardinal classes and the bell had been silenced (several of them had sl ipped softly out the back door before Miss Desjardin could begin to take names), Miss Desjardin employed the standard tactic for hysterics She slapped Carrie smartly across the face. She hardly would have admitted the delight the act gave her, and she certainly would have denied that she regarded Carrie as a fat, whiny bag of lard. A first-year teacher, she still believed that she thought all children were good.Carrie looked up at her dumbly, face still contorted and working. M-M-Miss D-D-Des-D-Get up, Miss Desjardin said dispassionately. Get up and tend to yourself.Im bleeding to death Carrie screamed, and one blind, searching hand came up and clutched Miss Desjardins white shorts. It left a bloody handprint.I you . . . The gym teachers face contorted into a foregather of disgust, and she suddenly hurled Came, stumbling, to her feet Get over thereCarrie stood swaying between the showers and the wall with its dime strong-napkin dispenser, slumped over, breasts pointing at the f loor, her arms dangling limply. She looked like an ape. Her eyes were shiny and blank.Now, Miss Desjardin said with hissing, acrid emphasis, you take one of those napkins out no, never mind the coin slot, its broken at to the lowest degree take one and dickhead it, will you do it You act as if you never had a period before.Period? Carrie said.Her expression of complete un whim was too genuine, too full of dumb and hopeless horror, to be ignored or denied. A loathly and black foreknowledge grew in Rita Desjardins mind. It was incredible, could not be. She herself had begun menstruation shortly after her 11th birthday and had gone to the head of the stairs to yell down excitedly Hey, Mum, Im on the ragCarrie? she said now. She advanced toward the girl.Carrie?Carrie flinched away. At the same instant, a rack of softball game bats in the corner fell over with a large, echoing bang. They rolled every which way, making Desjardin jump.Carrie, is this your first period?But now that the thought had been admitted, she hardly had to ask. The blood was dark and flowing with appalling heaviness. Both of Carries legs were smeared and splattered with it, as though she had waded done a river of blood.It hurts, Carrie groaned. My stomach That passes, Miss Desjardin said. Pity and self-shame met in her and mixed uneasily. You have to uh, stop the flow of blood. You-There was a bright flash overhead, followed by a flashgunlike pop as a bulb sizzled and went out. Miss Desjardin cried out with surprise, and it occurred to her (the whole damn place is falling in) that this kind of thing always seemed to happen around Carrie when she was upset, as if bad luck dogged her every step. The thought was gone almost as quickly as it had come. She took one of the sanitary napkins from the broken dispenser and unwrapped it.Look, she said, Like this-From The Shadow Exploded (p. 54)Carrie Whites mother, Margaret White, gave birth to her daughter on September 21, 1963, under circums tances which can only be termed bizarre. In fact, an overview of the Came White case leaves the careful student with one feeling ascendant over all others that Carrie was the only issue of a family as odd as any that has ever been brought to popular attention.As noted earlier, Ralph White died in February of 1963 when a steel girder fell out of a carrying sling on a housing-project job in Portland. Mrs White continue to live alone in their suburban Chamberlain bungalow.Due to the Whites near-fanatical fundamentalist spectral beliefs, Mrs White had no friends to see her through her period of bereavement. And when her labour began seven months later, she was alone.At approximately 130 P.M. on September 21, the neighbours on Carlin Street began to hear screams from the White bungalow. The natural law, however, were not summoned to the scene until after 600 P.M. We are left with two unappetizing alternatives to explain this time lock up Either Mrs Whites neighbours on the street did not wish to become involved in a law of nature investigation, or despise for her had become so strong that they advisedly adopted a wait-and-see attitude. Mrs Georgia McLaughlin, the only one of the three remaining residents who were on the street at that time and who would lambaste to me, said that she did not call the police because she thought the screams had something to do with holy rollin.When the police did arrive at 622 P.M. the screams had become irregular. Mrs White was found in her bed upstairs, and the investigating situationr, Thomas G. Mearton. at first thought she had been the victim of an assault. The bed was drenched with blood, and a butcher clapper lay on the floor. It was only then that he saw the baby, still part wrapped in the placental membrane, at Mrs Whites breast. She had apparently cut the umbilical cord herself with the knife.It staggers both imagination and belief to advance the hypothesis that Mrs Margaret White did not know she was pregnant, or even encounter what the word entails, and recent scholars such as J. W. Bankson and George Felding have made a more reasonable case for the hypothesis that the concept, linked irrevocably in her mind with the sin of intercourse, had been block up entirely from her mind. She may simply have refused to believe that such a thing could happen to her.We have records of at least three letters to a friend in Kenosha, Wisconsin, that seem to prove once and for all that Mrs White believed, from her fifth month on, that she had a cancer of the womanly parts and would soon junction her husband in heaven When Miss Desjardin led Carrie up to the office 15 minutes later, the halls were mercifully empty. Classes droned onwards crumb closed doors.Carries shrieks had finally ended, but she had continued to weep with steady regularity. Desjardin had finally fixed the napkin herself, cleaned the girl up with wet paper towels, and gotten her back into her plain cotton underpants.She tried twice t o explain the hackneyed reality of menstruation, but Carrie clapped her hands over her ears and continued to cry.Mr Morton, the assistant principal, was out of his office in a flash when they entered. Billy deLois and henry Trennant, two boys waiting for the ride due them for cutting French I, goggled around from their chairs.Come in, Mr Morton said briskly. Come right in. He glared over Desjardins shoulder at the boys, who were staring at the bloody handprint on her shorts. What are YOU looking at?Blood, Henry said, and smiled with a kind of vacuous surprise.Two cargo deck periods, Morton snapped. He glanced down at the bloody handprint and blinked.He closed the door behind them and began pawing through the top draftsman of his filing cabinet for a school accident form.Are you all right, uh-?Carrie, Desjardin supplied. Carrie White. Mr Morton had finally located an accident form. There was a large coffee stain on it. You wont need that, Mr Morton.I suppose it was the trampoline . We just I wont?No. But I think Carrie should be allowed to go home for the rest of the day. Shes had a rather shake experience. Her eyes flashed a signal which he caught but could not interpret.Yes, okay, if you say so. Good. Fine. Morton bent the form back into the filing cabinet, slammed it keep out with his thumb in the drawer, and grunted. He whirled gracefully to the door, yanked it open, glared at Billy and Henry, and called Miss Fish, could we have a dismissal slip here, enchant? Carrie Wright.White, said Miss Desjardin.White, Morton agreed.Billy deLois sniggered.Weeks detention Morton barked. A blood blister was forming under his thumbnail. Hurt like hell. Carries steady, monotonous express emotion went on and on.Miss Fish brought the yellowed dismissal slip and Morton scrawled his initials on it with his flatware pocket pencil, wincing at the pressure on his wounded thumb.Do you need a ride, Cassie? he asked. We can call a cab if you need one.She move her head. He noticed with distaste that a large bubble of green mucus had formed at one nostril. Morton looked over her head and at Miss Desjardin.